فصلنامه انتظار موعود
سال دهم شماره 33 (تابستان 1389)

in Razavi School, the Imamat has an outstanding value that God gave it to Ibrahim (a.s.) after the Prophethood and Friendship. The Imam is the vicegerent of God and His Prophet (p.b.u.h. & h.f.) and in moral values and perfection is the only one of his age; and has the ultimate knowledge. He has received this through inheritance from the Prophet (p.b.u.h & h.f.) and Divine Inspiration and because of this, he will not fail to answer any question. Imam has the infallibility characteristics and is safe from scientific mistakes, guilt and mistakes in practice. Imam, in addition to the Legislative Saintship has the Existential Saintship too. The Imam, with God’s Permission can do supernatural works. The way to recognize an Imam is, the appointment and divine order and legality, because people are incapable to recognize the position, status and attributes of Imamat. The honorable Prophet (p.b.u.h. & h.f.) with God’s order entrusted the Imamat to the Commander of Faithful Ali (a.s.) after himself, and the covenant of Imamat has been earmarked to his Infallible generation until the Day of Judgment.

The discussion on strategical subjects, specially in political-social field, has faced with an increasing growth. With a practical-strategical look to the Leadership of the society, from the view point of Imam Reza (a.s.), we can realize that, the Imamat is considered to be a complete and covering method and program that is based on religion and the techniques for the usage of all capacities and capabilities; either spiritual or worldly matters, for organizing and cooperation among the parts for the better use are gathered. The usage of the term, ‘the system of government’, for Imamat in Razavi words, shows that the Imamat is a system that connects and organizes the relations among God, human and the universe. This system of government with respect to its source, originates from God, and in regard to its ultimate aim, consists three aims; elementary, middle and ultimate. With respect to its domain, is based on the generality (the connection between worldly matters and Hereafter). In regard to its ways towards the aims, is based on revelation and selection. The first axle, namely the revelation, points to the source and the second, selection, points to the standers of this Leadership. The strategy for Imamat is based on the everlasting Holy Quran, that Imam Reza (a.s.) emphasizes specially on it. Imam Reza (a.s.) has explicated the scientific, and legality position of the Imam base on this saying that ‘the Imam knows the politics; is eligible for Leadership and is to be fallowed’. Based on the Razavi words, the Imamat strategy can be an irreplaceable system of government and politics and management, that has the most benefits and the least side damages; and that by cooperating among small cultural, economical and political factors, show the way to felicity and perfection both individually and to the society. Finally, the clarification and expansion of this strategy among people of the world and explaining its results and standards in small cultural, economical and political factors, brings enthusiasm and eagerness in people toward this system of government. It can be a step to pave the ground for the rising of the friend’s government.

In this article, by looking over this, that the Ammeh (general) and Khasseh (specific) Imamat, from the view point of Imam Reza (a.s.), it becomes clear that the Imamat has been one of the basics that his Excellency paid attention; and that it has a high level of value in his Excellency’s sayings. Imam Reza (a.s.) has explained about the characteristics and attributes of an Imam in details. One of them is this that, the Imamat is the base for Islam and the Imam is the religious Leader of people. The Imam is an example for people in all religious acts and worshippings. The Imam is the cause of Muslims pride and the guarantee for the Islamic laws to be taken into action. The Imamat brings discipline to the society through passing laws and guidance. The Imam is the political Leader of society and defends the religion and has an enemy breaking role. The Imam is the source of intercession on the Day of Judgment, the shelter for people and the representative of God and His proof on the earth. The Imam’s position is the same ad the Prophet and is higher than the Prophethood. The Imam is the Infallible character that angels speak to him and is proved by the Spirit. His prayers are all accepted and he is aware of the Unseen. And ultimately, the Imam is the light of universe and the Water of life. Whoever gets away from him, goes astray and gets lost. With the above-mentioned attributes, the common people can not recognize the Imam and appoint him. All Imams are appointed by God. The first Imam was Imam Ali (a.s.) and the last is the Imam Mahdi (m.a.h.h.a.) who is from Imam Reza’s (a.s.) generation and Jesus (a.s.) will pray behind him. In the last part of this article, the writers talk about the consequences of getting away from the Imam, that surely is, getting lost and going astray. And also the consequences like disbelief and paganism for those who are the extremists are given.

The present article can be considered as a collection of Mahdavi Teachings, in several subjects, that have been investigated from the view point of Imam Reza (a.s.). These subjects are about his Excellency Mahdi (m.a.h.h.a.), the signs of Appearance, straying movements, and people’s duties during the time of Occultation. In this article, it is tried to point out some of the significant points in this regard; plus the clarification and explanation of the traditions with main sources.

In this physical collapse, confrontation atmosphere and coming face to face human and divine beliefs, putting the different aspects of ethical values as the principle in Mahdavi discussion scope, adds to the effectiveness of Islamic teachings and in particular, shi’it teachings, in this confrontation. The complete and intellectual interpretation based on the intellect and revelation opens the scopes of basic knowledge in this regard to the people of knowledge and perception. In this regard, Imam Reza’s (a.s.) sayings, from the revelation point of view, present an explanation about the method and ethical manners of Imam Mahdi (m.a.h.h.a.) and those who are waiting for him, in a general atmosphere of religious society, and with pure truths to his followers and believers and in his government. In this research work, without having wrong interpretation, is tried with a scientific explication, some of Imam Reza’s (a.s.) sayings on Mahdavi ethic, to be suggested and discussed. Being the justice as the axle, having a simple life, being humble, paying attention to worshipping, praying and waiting for the relief are the ethical values discussed in the present research work.

Imam Reza (a.s.) in his sayings has pointed the training and awaiting subject out; and some times has known the awaiting to be the best merit. Therefore, the training of an awaiting generation, has a special importance and it requires a close attention of both the society and the family in this regard to make it happen. In training of an awaiting generation, the training must be a religious one. In other words, all educational dimensions of the training, should be given in a religious method. Knowing the characteristics and specialties of the awaiting generation, can be a ground for training an awaiting generation. Imam Reza (a.s.) in his noble sayings has pointed them out. The writers of this article, after giving a definition for, ‘the training education and ethic’, that sometimes it gets close to the training, have talked around the subject on the Appearance and its vast usage in Imam Reza’s (a.s.) sayings. Then, they have given the characteristics and standards for this awaiting generation, from the view point of Imam Reza (a.s.) and based on them, have suggested some solutions in religious training of the awaiting generation in both fileds, the family and the society.

With studying the history of Islamic sects, we can perceive that all those sects during their cultural and political life, have faced with a series of branches. In this article, this subject has been focused on, that the Shiite Isna Ashari (The Twelvers), also like other Islamic sects has faced with some branches too. A majority of those braches, have misused from the Mahdaviyyat movement. One of the important cases of those branches, is the Vaghefiyyeh sect with the claim of Mahadaviyyat for the seventh Imam (a.s.). This straying movement, in a short time, created some doubts. From another side, Imam Reza (a.s.) and some of his companions, stood in front of this group and answered the doubts in suitable ways and stopped them to cause sedition.